Here's how I made my "golden bead" material. Yes, the beads are traditionally wooden, not black. But that's what I already had at home. I bought the wire at Walmart. Thread 10 beads on at a time,
and then make a 90 degree bend on the end of the wire, about 1/2 inch in length.
Use a needle-nose plier to bend the wire back the opposite way, forming a loop. Close it so the circle is snugly formed.
To make hundred squares, I wove wire around 10 of these, just enough to keep them snugly together. I made 1 large and 3 small sets of number cards on cardstock.
I have made the small bead stair in the same manner, using appropriately colored beads.
I have purchased other math materials, including number rods, the stamp game, addition strip board, multiplication and division boards, and squaring chains. I'm always happy to address questions on any of these materials.